W1 Product Guide

Applications | Specifications | Mechanical and Chemical Data | Tolerances

Overview

A water hardening tool steel that is one of the most commonly used tool steels due to its strong characteristics. It does undergo a decent amount of distortion during quenching, so do be aware of that. It is typically used in shafts, pins, blacksmithing tools, and short term wearing tooling.

Common Trade Names

UNS T72301, AISI Type W1, Watercrat

Other Resources

Weight Calculator | Mill Test Reports

Products

W1 Drill Rod | W1 Rectangle Bar | W1 Square Bar

Specifications

ASTM	SAE
A681	J437

Applications

Blacksmithing Tools
Shafts
Pins
Short Term Wearing Tooling

Hardness	Heat Treat Temp.	Quench Medium	Applications	Advantages
W-1 Tool Steel Heat Treatment
As Shipped: Rockwell 91B After Heat Treating: Rockwell 56C	1450°-1600°F	Water or Brine	Blacksmith tools, Cold Chisels, Hand punches, Cold Forming Tools, Knives, Scissors and Shears, Razors, Woodworking Chisels	Water hardening tool steels tend to experience significant distortion during the quench operation. In addition, the hardening operation applies only to the outer "case" of the material, rather than being "through-hardened".

	Annealed	Hardened
Physical Properties W1
Density	0.283 lb/in3	0.283 lb/in3
Ultimate Tensile Strength	86 ksi	213.9 ksi
Yield Tensile Strength	48 ksi	149 ksi
Shear Modulus	10,000 ksi	10,000 ksi
Shear Strength	54 ksi	N/A
Hardness Rockwell \| Brinell	B91 \| 190	C56 \| 577
Elongation at Break Percentage	23%	12%
Modulus of Elasticity	27,000 ksi	27,000 ksi
Poisson's Ratio	0.29	0.29
Machinability Percentage	100%	40%
Melting Point	2,570-2,640 °F	2,570-2,640 °F
Specific Heat	1.1 x 10^-1 BTU/lb-°F	1.1 x 10^-1 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	336 BTU-in/hr-ft^2-°F	336 BTU-in/hr-ft^2-°F
Electrical Conductivity	7.1% IACS	7.1% IACS

Chemistry Information
Element	Percentage
C	0.6 - 1.4
Cr	0.15 max
Fe	98
V	0.1 max
S	0.025 max
P	0.025 max
Mn	0.25

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